A theory is an abstract proposition that both explains the social world, and makes predictions about future events. Theories change over time because they change with society, what may be unacceptable now may become acceptable in the future.
Positivism is the idea that our sense of perceptions are the only valid source of knowledge. Even though you can't feel the sun warming you, and don't need to squint your eyes from the brightness, you can be certain it is the sun because you can still see it.
Social Darwinism is the theory that we adapt throughout time to our changing environments. What once may have been perceived as dangerous is now interesting.
Mechanical Solidarity: A type of social bond held together by social cohesion due to traditions and beliefs. Most clearly visible in places where upholding traditions and culture are of utmost importance.
Here is a tourist, and a local beggar. What is being shown here is a case of class conflict; it is social inequality between members of higher and lower classes.
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